第一次考雅思雅思是一切的开始。报名在 IDP 印尼官网（idp.com/indonesia）在线报名，价格 3.1 百万印尼盾，折合人民币不到 1500 元，比在国内考划算不少。我报的是笔试，不是机考。当天考场里也有人参加机考，两种形式在同一天进行。考场见闻外国人很少，遇到的几乎都是打算出国留学的本地学生。问了工作人员，她说从未见过有中国人来这里参加考试——我大概是个特例。考试前会给你分配一个储物箱，你需要把所有东西都放进去，包括文具。 考场提供文具，就是笔而已。考试的时候带上你的准考证（官网能下载并打印）。考试感受阅读是发挥最差的一项，题目和复习时差别不小，没有见到任何图表题，时间也没有用完，最后几道题没做完就交卷了。写作小作文是写一封信，大作文给了一段材料要求分析，和预期的图表分析题型完全不同。听力是最难的一关。考完出来感觉最多也就能拿 1 分，很多内容没听懂，节奏也没跟上。口语是和一位外籍考官面对面、一对一进行的。考官给了我一个"分享"类的话题，让我自由发挥，过程中不断提示问题引导我说下去。整个过程像是问答，有些拘谨。这次考试最大的收获是找到了自己的短板——词汇量严重不足，这是后续备考的重点。成绩总分 4.5 分，比预想的 3 分高，但离目标 5 分还有差距。成绩单除了分数，还附有一份文字说明，指出各项的具体表现和不足，对后续备考很有参考价值。下一步的重点：词汇量和阅读速度。
2019教资考试总算结束了。。留下些经验，供人参考。难度有人说教资考试很难，当然也有人裸考一次通过。在我看来，能一次通过的都是有一定的基础的。零基础裸考是不太可能考的过的。整体来说，如果你是非师范类相关专业毕业，并且，工作经验不是很丰富，这场考试对你来说还是有些难度的。如果你并你有相关的工作经验的话，并不难。 但并不意味这你可以很轻松+愉快的通过考试，你仍然要付出相当的努力才能通过考试。辟谣每年，都会有谣言说非师范类毕业的人不能报名参加教资考试。 这是个经不起推敲的谎言。《教师法》明确，国家鼓励非师范专业的毕业生进入教师队伍。 原因大概有以下几点：面向所有具有教学潜力而又愿意当教师的非师范院校毕业生，彻底敞开大门广招英才。将竞争机制引入教师教育，综合院校共同参与，打破师范院校一统天下的垄断格局。打破了高考一考定终生。可以较好地解决“学术性”和“师范性”的长期论争问题。所以，不要怀疑，国家是允许非师范类报名参加教资考试的。但是，比较恶心的是，在教师招聘的时候，却要求“根正苗红”的师范类毕业生，这点明显和教育法相违背，也十分具有中国特色。关于考试考试分笔试和面试两个部分，通过笔试后才可报名参加面试。通过面试后，还要经历资格审查和体检，才可以最终拿到你的教师资格证。特别注意，资格审查时需要普通话水平证的。非语文专业，请考至少二级乙。语文专业需要二级甲以上。考试成绩有效期两年。19年上半年考过后，成绩两年内有效。因为资格审查的时候需要你的毕业证，在校生建议最后一年在考这个资格证。 而第一次没有通过考试的在两年内只需要考没有考过的相关科目即可。笔试小学笔试为《综合素质》和《教育教学知识与能力》，初中高中笔试为《综合素质》《教育知识与能力》《学科教学》。其中， 综合素质的试卷时一样的。据说最近三年考过的题目时不会再出的。我考的时小学英语，着重说说小学相关的。1.综合素质《综合素质》算是相对简单的一门课。知识点时高中难度，平时多积累的话并不难。主要有以下几大模块。职业理念（教育观、学生观、教师观）职业道德（三爱两人一终身）法律法规（六法一纲要）基本文化素养（历史、科学、文学、艺术）职业道德（职业道德规范、人际关系处理、班主任工作规定）试卷题型：单项选择题：1-29 （29*2分） 文化素养+法律法规 通读教材，多做题，了解即可。材料分析题：30-31 (14*2分）职业理念（教育观、学生观、教师观）+教师职业道德 背熟、多做题、理解掌握。阅读题：32 （14*1分） 多做题。难度相当于初中阅读的水平，答案基本在文中可以找到。作文: 33 （50分）多看范文，总结模版。不同于高考作文，需要结合教师、学生。科目一的考试是有答题模板的。整个试卷的重点是作文，关于如何写好作文，本博客之前也有写。 点这里可以查看。2. 教育教学知识与能力这是唯一有些难的，知识点相对来说涉及的比较多，考查题型更丰富，都是较为常规的题型，如果按照各知识点的题型进行备考，大部分都是可以顺利通过的。首先一定要多背背背！然后多做题，最后熟悉答题套路，比如教学、德育必背，辨析题一定要判断对错，能拿到1/3分数，加上知识点差不多啦。试卷题型：单项选择题：1-20 （20*2分） 考察定义简答题：21（10*3分）教育基础、班级管理、学习动机、学习迁移...第一、三、四章仔细看，第二、六章通读过一遍材料分析题：22-23 （20*2分) 第三章”班级管理“、“教学原则与方法”教学设计：24 （50*1）一道大题三小问。科目二的考试有两个难点简答题。 涵盖的知识面实在太广，你都背不过来。只要记住，言之有理，不跑题基本都能得分。最后的教案分好几个科目，你可以选择一个你擅长的科目来做，并不影响你最终拿到教师证的科目。例如你可以选语文（事实上大多数的考生都选择语文，相对简单），然后再报名面试的时候来确定你需要考的学科。 而教案所占的分值也决定了你是否能通过考试。 教案也有模板，所以要多写几份才行。我自己整理的笔试大纲。面试我报考的时英语专业，特点就是在试讲的时候，需要你用全英文来讲课。这点，对我来说毫无压力。面试分为三个部分， 结构化答辩，试讲和答辩。 流程如下：在备考的时候，你有两张纸，一张是考试的题目，另一张是空白的，用来写教案的。教案在面试中虽然占的分值不大，但是写好教案，试讲就成功了一半。自己一定要多练习写教案，网上搜索老师写的优质教案，模仿借鉴并加以改进。多练多练多练！！！结构化问题：七大类：时政、职业认知、综合分析、组织管理、教育教学、人际沟通、应急应变。除了时政涉及十九大以及时事要闻需要死记硬背，其他六类都是有答题套路的。我抽到的都是教育教学类的，相对简单。这个回答也有模板的。如果碰见完全不会的问题，也可以想法来从 德育和智育 两个方面往主题上靠，自圆其说即可。试讲：面试成败与否都在试讲环节，很多人挂在这，最大原因是怯场，所以一定要多练。试讲只有10分钟，只是抽取学科知识里的一小节来讲。试讲是讲课，不是说课，不是告诉考官我怎么给学生上课的，而是把考官当学生一样去讲课。假装在和学生互动，自问自答，配上肢体语言，将气氛营造得非常活跃，偶尔看下考官，他们可能比你还紧张，毕竟站在讲台上的是你。最怕的就是突然安静了，讲着讲着就卡壳了，或者站在那里不知所措。这样是铁定不会让你通过的。 站在讲台上多少是有些紧张的，想办法克服下，当监考的都是冬瓜就行了。其实你讲的时候，监考老师也会在做其他的事情，毕竟在那坐了一天，他们也累。我考试的时候，三个监考老师，只有一个是英语老师，其他两个人都在做别的事情。有的人讲一半就会被喊停，别担心，大概是考官们累了。板书不要太乱了。工整，别写练笔。多练多练多练。 英语科目需要全英文试讲，不能出现任何中文汉字。答辩：考官根据你的试讲内容来提问，一般是用英语来提问。基本上都是针对具体课题里某一点问你为什么这么讲？你觉得怎么引导学生积极地思考问题？不慌不慌，真的不难！临走记得主动擦黑板，礼貌告别、面向考官得方向轻声关门。我自己整理的面试口诀。英语使用的是 PPP和PWP模式。个人建议心态放平和， 树立信心，不要慌张。可以关注《一起考教师》等相关的微信公众号，可以获取许多有用信息。认真备考，都能通过的。不要相信培训机构和所谓的通过率。
POCKET英语语法 小结又补习了一下英语的语法。感觉英语通透了许多，下面是写经验和心得。这套视频还是挺适合对于语法基础比较差的人来学习的。当然也非常适合想从新巩固语法知识的人来学习。每个视频的长度不长。总共视频不到7个小时，实际上一到两天就能学完。即便是初学者也能很轻松的学完。学习英语最大的困难不是没有好的老师，不是没有好的教材，而是一定要坚持。不仅仅是英语，很多事情都是如此。这个视频并没有讲解 介词，而英语的特色就是介词了吧。感谢这个视频的制作者和崔荣容老师的讲解。视频各大网站都有，我是在b站看完的，共50集。学习的时候，用笔写字来做笔记比敲键盘好的多。 每课的笔记都弄成了电子档，权当又复习一遍。
这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 49-50课，讲解的是比较级和最高级。8月13日更新。第49课 比较级，最高级通常在形容词和副词后面加 er 和 est,例如：hard--harder--the hardest。 变化规则如下句尾是不发音的单音节e时，为 r，st。 nice--nicer--nicest句尾是辅音字母+y的双音节时，变y为i，加er，est。 dry--drier--the driest以辅音结尾的重读闭音节时，双写加er,est。 hot--hotter--the hottest多音节和双音节，在形容词和副词前加程度加强： more, the most程度减少： less, the least例： interesting--more/less interesting--the most/least interesting不规则变化：good/well--better--the best.many--more--the most.bad/ill--worse--worstlittle--less--leastfar--farther--farthest练习原型比较级最高级highhigherthe highestlatelaterthe latestheavyheavierthe heaviestthinthinnerthe thinnestfamousmore famousmost famouslittlelessthe least第50课 比较级，最高级形容词或副词的比较级，表示 “比较....”He is taller than his brother.The book is more expensive than the pen.Her English is better than his.形容词的最高级表示 “最....”He is the tallest in his class.The book is the most expensive of the three.Her English is the best among the three.练习The girl is clever than the boy.The computer is the most expensive among the three.The man is healty than his wife.
这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 46-48课，讲解的是定语从句和宾语从句。8月13日更新。第46课 定语从句用个句子来修饰限定一个名词或代词，需要关系代词来连接句子和被修饰的词。定语从句：在句子中作定语，修饰一个名词或者代词，被修饰的词叫先行词，其后的从句就是定语从句。由关系代词引出。关系代词： 在从句做一定的成分，代替先行词，起到连接先行词和从句的作用。常用的关系代词有： that, who, which, whom, whose.The girl whom/that I spoke to is my cousin.先行词是人的话，用 that, who, whom,whose 来引导定语从句，whom在从句中作宾语，who 和 that 在从句中做即可作主语又可做宾语。They are the people that/who were seen yesterday.They are the people whom/that/who I saw yesterday.They are the people whose wallets were lost yesterday.先行词是动物/事物的话，用 which, that, whose来引导定语从句。Which, that 在从句中可做主语和宾语，作宾语时可以省略。He came back for the book which/that he had forgetten.He came back for the book whicht/that was on the desk.This is the chair whose legs were broken.项目指人事物主格who/ thatwhich/ that宾格whom/who/thatwhich/that所有格whosewhose练习He was the person who/that joined the army that year.He came back for the book which/that he had forgotten.He is the man whose wife is a teacher.第47课 定语从句 when, where, whywhy: 用于修饰表示原因的名词。We don't know the reason why he didn't show up.when： 用于修饰表示时间的名词。we'll put off the picnic untill next week when the weather may be better.where： 用于表示地点的名词。We don't know the place where he lives.练习He works in a factory where Tv sets are made.We'll put off the picnic untill next week when the weather maybe better.She didn't tell me the reason why she refused the offer.第48课 宾语从句宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句。He told me that he would go to colleage the next year.从属连词：that, if, whether.He said that he was there yesterday.He doesn't know if/whether he was there.连接代词：who, whom, whose, what.Do you know who has won the game?Do you know whom he likes?Do you know whose book it is?Do you know what he is looking at?连接副词： when, where, why, how.He wants to know when the party is.He wants to know where the party is.He wants to know why they have a party.He wants to know how they come.练习He doesn't know that/ if she is at school.He wants to know where she is.He wants to know wether/if/why/when/where/how she comes.He wants to know what she is reading.He wants to know whose book it is.
这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 42-45课，讲解的是假设。8月13日更新。第42课 假设 只单纯的表示条件条件状语从句，用 if 引导的条件状语从句为现在时，通常译作“如果.....”。If you get up early, you will catch up with train.If 引导的条件状语，可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。If you ask him, he will help you.She will be upset if you fail the exam.练习If he runs, he will get there in time.The cat will scratch you, if you pull her tail or scrathes.第43课 假设 与现在时是相反的虚拟语气IF 从句是一种虚拟的条件或者假设，和现在事实相反，主从句时态具体如下从句： 动词过去式 （Be 用 were）主句： Would/ could/ should/ might + 动词原形If I were you, I would join you.She would come with you, if you invited her.练习If I knew his telphone number, I would tell you.If I had any money with me, I would lend you.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.第44课 假设 与过去时是相反的虚拟语气If 从句是一种虚拟的条件或假设，和过去时是相反的，主从句的时态如下从句： had + 动词过去分词主句： Would/ could/ should/ might + have + 动词过去分词If I had got there earlier, I should have met her.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.练习If he had studied harder, he might have passed the exam.If there had been a heavy snow. We should not have gone skating.If I had got there earlier, I would have met her.第45课 假设 wish/ as if + 过去时/ 过去完成时wish 后面的译为“希望...就好了”，是不可能实现的假设。与现在事实是相反的愿望。I wish I were as tall as you. 一般过去时与过去事实相反的愿望。He wished he hadn't said that. 过去完成时将来不太可能实现的愿望。I wished it would rain tomorrow.as if 翻译为 “看起来好像...”表示与现在事实相反， 一般过去时You look as if you didn't care.表示与过去事实相反， 过去完成时He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.表示与将来事实是相反，练习I wish I were as tall as you.He talks as if he knew where she was.I wish it would rain tomorrow.
POCKET英语语法 40-41这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 40-41课，讲解的是原形不定式。8月9日凌晨更新。第40课 原形不定式 使役动词使役动词，表示“使，让”意思。 have, make, let作为使役动词，构成形式为： 使役动词 + 宾语 + 动词。He made me laugh.I let him go.Please have him come here.get 和 help 都做使役动词，get的实意动词句为： “get + 宾语 + to + 动词”，help的使役动词句为：“help + 宾语 + to + 动词”。I cann't get anyone to do the work properly.I helped him to repair the car.使役动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词，表示 “让某人/某物 被别人....” 。I must get my hair cut.He couldn't make himself heard.Can you get the work finshed in time?练习He made me laugh.I let him go.I must get my hair cut.第41课 原形不定式 感官动词感官动词，感觉相关的动词：see, watch, obsere, notice, hear, smell, taste, feel. 构成形式为： 感官动词 + 宾语 + 动词原形/现在分词。 + 动词原形表示动作的真实性。+ 现在分词表示动作的连续性，进行性。I saw him work in the garden yesterday.I saw him working in the garden yesterday.和使役动词相似，感官动词后可以接过去分词。构成形式： 感官动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词。John saw the man knocked down by the car.练习I wanted a dog ranning in the garden yesterday.i heard Sam sent to the hospital.
POCKET英语语法 35-39这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 35-39课，讲解的是非谓语动词。8月9号凌晨更新。计划本周更新完。第35课 非谓语动词动词不定式： to + 动词原形 构成。可以做主语，宾语，宾补，定于，表语和状语。主语, To get there by bike will take us an hour.宾语，The driver failed to see the car in time.宾补，We belive him to be guilty.定语，The next train to arrive is from seoul.表语和状语，My suggestion is to put off the meeting.I come here only to say goodbye to you.动词原形+ing，可作动名词用，具有动词的特征和变化。但在句子中的用法及功能类似名词：在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语。也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。Reading is an art.They went on walking and never steped talking.Your task is quickly cleaning the window.This is a reading room.练习To finish the work will take us an hour. 动词不定式I come here to say goodbye to you. 动词不定式Talking is an art. 动名词第36课 非谓语动词动词不定式 或 动名词，可以在句子主语的位置，但一般用it代替它作形式主语Its a great honor to be invited. 被邀请很荣幸。It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。在宾语位置上，用it代替它做形式宾语。We think it important to learn English. 宾语，我们认为学习英语很重要。I found it pleasant walking in the park. 宾语，在公园里散步是件乐事。对动名词或动词不定式前加 not 进行否定。He pretended not to see her.He regrets not joining them.练习It is use crying over spilt milk.We think it important to learn English.He pretended not to see her.第37课 非谓语动词in order to + 动词， so as to + 动词，表示目的。由 in order to 的目的终于，置于句首和句尾，由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能放在句尾。I have written it down,in order to remember it.He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.它们的否定形式分别在 to 前加 not。I have writen it down in order not to forget it.He said nothing so as not to be noticed.练习He gets up early so as to / in order to arrive at school on time.He wrote it down in order to forget it.第38课 非谓语动词，常见不定式和动名词句型。too...to...,太...以至于不能， The room is too small to live.enough + n +to + v / adj +enough + to + v，表示足够...可以...。There is enough food to eat.足够多的食物可以吃。on ...+动词ing， 表示 一....就......。 On seeing the snake, the girl was very frightened.There is no hope of + 动词ing， 没希望做某事。 There is not hope of seeing him.fell like + 动词ing， 想要做某事。I fell like eating icecream now.Have a hard time + 动词ing， 做....很困难。 They have a hard time solving the problem them selves.练习There are enough books to read.I feel like drinking coffee now.The room is too small to live.第39课 非谓语动词,现在分词，过去分词，分词句。动词+ing，可以称之为动名词，也称为现在分词。writing books is his job. 动名词。He is writing a book. 现在分词。动词的过去分词形式可以称为 P.P. ，用在完成时和被动语态中。He has written the homework. 完成时。The homework is written. 被动语态。分词句，是包含了现在分词和过去分词的分句。The students went out of the classroom laughing and talking.A companied by his friend, he went to railway station.练习He likes drinking coffee. 动名词The door was locked. 一般过去时， 被动语态Given better attention, The plants could grow better. 过去分词句。
POCKET英语语法 31-34这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 31-34课，讲解的是被动语态。这几天有些忙，更新的比较慢，8月8日晚上总算更新完了被动语态。第31课 被动语态的构成和含义如果主语是动作的承受者，则用动词的被动语态作谓语。被动语态的构成形式是 Be + 动词的过去分词 + by sb.He is taken to USA by his mother. 他被他妈妈带到了美国。被动语态有各种时态。The information is needed by US. 单三的变化。The book was being read by him. 过去进行时的被动语态The computer has been used by her. 完成时的被动语态。The room will be cleaned. 将来时。Computer could have been used by them. 电脑可能被他们已经用过了。练习The information is needen.The book was read. 过去时The door has been opend. 过去分词， 完成时The book was being read. 过去进行时The computer has been used. 过去完成时The computer could has been used.The room will be cleaned. 将来时第32课 被动语态和情态动词结合被动语态可以和情态动词结合，情态动词放到被动语态的前面。情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词。 need + doing / to + 动词过去分词 表示"需要被怎么样..."。和情态动词相结合。The food could be taken away. 可以被带走The food might be taken away. 能够被带走The food must be taken away. 必须被带走The food should be taken away. 应该被带走The food needs taking away. 需要被带走The food had better be taken away. 最好被带走Book used to be returned in two days. 常常在两天内被还回去。练习The room may be cleaned.The door must be locked.The house should be furnished.The tree had better be watered now.第33课 被动语态3动作的行为者不分明，或不重要，或上下文中提到了行为者时，“by + 行为者”可以省略。The information is needed.The book is being read.The door was opened.练习The door is opend. 门被打开了。 一般过去时。The book is being read. 正读着。 进行时The computer has been used. 已经被用了。 完成时The pencil had been sharpened. 已经被削尖了。 完成时第34课 被动语态的疑问句被动语态的一般疑问句： 助动词 + 主语 + 其他动词 + 动词过去分词Is the information needed by him? -yes,it is./ no,it isn't.Has the computer been used by her? -yes,it has./no it hasn'tWill the room be cleaned? -yes,it will./ no, it won't.被动语态的特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 其他助动词 + 动词过去分词The information is needed by them.- what is need by them?The girl is taken to ShangHai. - where is the girl taken?The book has been read three times. - how many times has the book been read?练习Is the book being read by her? 他正在读那本书吗？Has the computer benn used by them? 他们用过那太电脑么？How often is the English class taken? 英语课多长时间上一次？
POCKET英语语法 24-30这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。最近几天生病了。恢复后坚持学完了。收获不小。笔记会慢慢更新出来。24-30课讲的是情态动词。8月2日凌晨更新了24-27课。 8月4日更新了28-30课。第24课 情态动词 can / could / may / mightcan / could表示能力，用 Be able to 代替，意思是“能怎么样，会怎么样”。 can / could 现在/过去的能力。客观可能性，can 的可能性大。可能怎么样。表示请求和允许。可以怎么样。 例子：He can / could / is able to swim. 他会游泳。He can / could come tomorrow. 他明天能来。Can / could i stay here? 我可以呆在这儿么？（could比较委婉）may 和 might表示可能性，may 的可能性大，请求允许might更委婉。口语中常用 yes，please / no， you cannt / mustnt （禁止） 例子：He may / might come here by bus. 他可能坐车来。May / might i join you? 请求加入。-yes,please / no. you mustntmight---may---could---can 语气越来越委婉练习She could speak French befor. but now she can not. 过去能，现在不能。Might I come in? - yes,please.第25课 情态动词 must/have to 和 should/ought tomust/ have tomust 表示主观多一些，而have to 则表示客观多一些。have to 有时态和数量的变化，（has，had），must没有。must和have to 二者否定意义不同。you mustn't go. 你不准去。you don't have to go. 你不必去。例子：You must get up early. 主观认为要回家了。It's going to rain, I have to go home now. 我必须回家了，不得不回家，客观地。should/ ought toshould 表示劝告，建议，命令。强调主观看法。ought to 强调客观要求，疑问句中，通常用should。例子：You should / ought to do the job right now.Should they stay here now? 他们应该呆在这儿吗？练习I have to / must go and see my mother in hospital tomorrow. 根据上下文来选择 have to 还是 must。You should work harder than that. 根据上下文选择 Should 和 ought to.第26课 情态动词 need/don't have toneed 需要， don't have to 不需要，不必。都是情态动词，可以接动词原形，无变化。need也可以做实意动词.有单三和时态的变化，可以 + to 的动词不定式。情态动词时： 接动词原形He need come here early.he needn't come here early.Need he come here early?--yes,he need. no, he needn't实意动词时： 有变化。He needs to come here early. 单三，一般现在时He doesn't need to come here early. 单三，一般现在时Does he need to come here early?--yes,he dose./no he doesn't.回答 must和 have to 的提问时，否定式使用 needn't / dont have to等回答方式。例如:Must I come here early tomorrow?--No,you needn't/ dont have to.练习You needn't do it again. 不需要He needn't worry about it. 无需担心Does he need to do homework first? 他需要先做作业吗？第27课 情态动词 had better/ would rather.had better 最好做某事，虽然had是过去时，但是不表示过去，better后面接动词原形。例子：He had better eat more. 他最好多吃点。You'd better finish it right now. 你最好马上做完。would rather 表示宁愿，宁可，最好，还是...为好。语感比 had better 要轻，后面接动词原形。You would rather deal with it now.You would rather not deal with it now.否定形式had better not + 动词原形he had better not eat more.would rather not + 动词原形You would rather not deal with it now.练习You had better stay here. 你最好呆在这儿。I would rather not say it. 我还是不说为好。第28课 情态动词情态动词 used to / wouldused to / would 表示过去习惯性动作，可以翻译成 “过去常常....”。used to 可以是过去的状态或情况。 would 不能。The novel used to be popular. 小说过去很流行。would 表示反复发生，如果没有反复性，就不能用would，只能用 use to.He would practise English everyweek.I used to live in Beijing.used to 表示过去经常性或者习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束了。would则表示有可能再次发生。People used to belive that the earth was flat.He would go to the park as soon as he was free.练习The window used to be open.They would gather together.Sam used to play golf. but he doesn't now.总结：would 通常表示过去，反复发生的动作。used to 表示反复发生的动作和状态。used to 表示发生过后以后不再发生了。would 表示以后可能再次发生。第29课 情态动词情态动词的否定和疑问。否定形式： 情态动词 + not + 动词原形He can't sing an English song.He may not know her.He mustn't go there.He doesn't have to go there. have to 需要助动词。使用情态动词进行提问。 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形Can he sing an English song?--yes, he can. / No, he cann't.Must he go there? -- Yes,he must/ No, he needn't.Dose he have to go there? -- Yes, he does / No, he doesn't.练习Can I stay here? -- Yes, please.Must she go back now?--No, she needn't.Dose he have to get up at 9? -- Yes, he does.第30课 情态动词情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词。表示表达过去的事实和推测的含义。翻译为“可能已经....”。He can/could have arrived. 他可能已经到了。He may/might have arrived.He must have arrived.Should + have + 过去分词。表示“本应该....”。 needn't + have + 过去分词，表示“本不需要....”。He should have arrived.They should have finshed the work.You needn't have done so.must have + 动词过去分词，表示“准是已经.....”。 Cann't have + 动词过去分词，表示“不可能已经.....”。He must have arrived.He cann't have arrived. 他不可能已经到了。练习He can have arrived. 他可能已经到了。He must have arrived. 他准是到了。You needn't have done so. 他不不需要做完。They should have finished the work. 本应该。He cann't have arrived. 他不可能已经到了。