这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 49-50课，讲解的是比较级和最高级。8月13日更新。第49课 比较级，最高级通常在形容词和副词后面加 er 和 est,例如：hard--harder--the hardest。 变化规则如下句尾是不发音的单音节e时，为 r，st。 nice--nicer--nicest句尾是辅音字母+y的双音节时，变y为i，加er，est。 dry--drier--the driest以辅音结尾的重读闭音节时，双写加er,est。 hot--hotter--the hottest多音节和双音节，在形容词和副词前加程度加强： more, the most程度减少： less, the least例： interesting--more/less interesting--the most/least interesting不规则变化：good/well--better--the best.many--more--the most.bad/ill--worse--worstlittle--less--leastfar--farther--farthest练习原型比较级最高级highhigherthe highestlatelaterthe latestheavyheavierthe heaviestthinthinnerthe thinnestfamousmore famousmost famouslittlelessthe least第50课 比较级，最高级形容词或副词的比较级，表示 “比较....”He is taller than his brother.The book is more expensive than the pen.Her English is better than his.形容词的最高级表示 “最....”He is the tallest in his class.The book is the most expensive of the three.Her English is the best among the three.练习The girl is clever than the boy.The computer is the most expensive among the three.The man is healty than his wife.
这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 46-48课，讲解的是定语从句和宾语从句。8月13日更新。第46课 定语从句用个句子来修饰限定一个名词或代词，需要关系代词来连接句子和被修饰的词。定语从句：在句子中作定语，修饰一个名词或者代词，被修饰的词叫先行词，其后的从句就是定语从句。由关系代词引出。关系代词： 在从句做一定的成分，代替先行词，起到连接先行词和从句的作用。常用的关系代词有： that, who, which, whom, whose.The girl whom/that I spoke to is my cousin.先行词是人的话，用 that, who, whom,whose 来引导定语从句，whom在从句中作宾语，who 和 that 在从句中做即可作主语又可做宾语。They are the people that/who were seen yesterday.They are the people whom/that/who I saw yesterday.They are the people whose wallets were lost yesterday.先行词是动物/事物的话，用 which, that, whose来引导定语从句。Which, that 在从句中可做主语和宾语，作宾语时可以省略。He came back for the book which/that he had forgetten.He came back for the book whicht/that was on the desk.This is the chair whose legs were broken.项目指人事物主格who/ thatwhich/ that宾格whom/who/thatwhich/that所有格whosewhose练习He was the person who/that joined the army that year.He came back for the book which/that he had forgotten.He is the man whose wife is a teacher.第47课 定语从句 when, where, whywhy: 用于修饰表示原因的名词。We don't know the reason why he didn't show up.when： 用于修饰表示时间的名词。we'll put off the picnic untill next week when the weather may be better.where： 用于表示地点的名词。We don't know the place where he lives.练习He works in a factory where Tv sets are made.We'll put off the picnic untill next week when the weather maybe better.She didn't tell me the reason why she refused the offer.第48课 宾语从句宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句。He told me that he would go to colleage the next year.从属连词：that, if, whether.He said that he was there yesterday.He doesn't know if/whether he was there.连接代词：who, whom, whose, what.Do you know who has won the game?Do you know whom he likes?Do you know whose book it is?Do you know what he is looking at?连接副词： when, where, why, how.He wants to know when the party is.He wants to know where the party is.He wants to know why they have a party.He wants to know how they come.练习He doesn't know that/ if she is at school.He wants to know where she is.He wants to know wether/if/why/when/where/how she comes.He wants to know what she is reading.He wants to know whose book it is.
这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 42-45课，讲解的是假设。8月13日更新。第42课 假设 只单纯的表示条件条件状语从句，用 if 引导的条件状语从句为现在时，通常译作“如果.....”。If you get up early, you will catch up with train.If 引导的条件状语，可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。If you ask him, he will help you.She will be upset if you fail the exam.练习If he runs, he will get there in time.The cat will scratch you, if you pull her tail or scrathes.第43课 假设 与现在时是相反的虚拟语气IF 从句是一种虚拟的条件或者假设，和现在事实相反，主从句时态具体如下从句： 动词过去式 （Be 用 were）主句： Would/ could/ should/ might + 动词原形If I were you, I would join you.She would come with you, if you invited her.练习If I knew his telphone number, I would tell you.If I had any money with me, I would lend you.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.第44课 假设 与过去时是相反的虚拟语气If 从句是一种虚拟的条件或假设，和过去时是相反的，主从句的时态如下从句： had + 动词过去分词主句： Would/ could/ should/ might + have + 动词过去分词If I had got there earlier, I should have met her.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.练习If he had studied harder, he might have passed the exam.If there had been a heavy snow. We should not have gone skating.If I had got there earlier, I would have met her.第45课 假设 wish/ as if + 过去时/ 过去完成时wish 后面的译为“希望...就好了”，是不可能实现的假设。与现在事实是相反的愿望。I wish I were as tall as you. 一般过去时与过去事实相反的愿望。He wished he hadn't said that. 过去完成时将来不太可能实现的愿望。I wished it would rain tomorrow.as if 翻译为 “看起来好像...”表示与现在事实相反， 一般过去时You look as if you didn't care.表示与过去事实相反， 过去完成时He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.表示与将来事实是相反，练习I wish I were as tall as you.He talks as if he knew where she was.I wish it would rain tomorrow.
POCKET英语语法 40-41这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 40-41课，讲解的是原形不定式。8月9日凌晨更新。第40课 原形不定式 使役动词使役动词，表示“使，让”意思。 have, make, let作为使役动词，构成形式为： 使役动词 + 宾语 + 动词。He made me laugh.I let him go.Please have him come here.get 和 help 都做使役动词，get的实意动词句为： “get + 宾语 + to + 动词”，help的使役动词句为：“help + 宾语 + to + 动词”。I cann't get anyone to do the work properly.I helped him to repair the car.使役动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词，表示 “让某人/某物 被别人....” 。I must get my hair cut.He couldn't make himself heard.Can you get the work finshed in time?练习He made me laugh.I let him go.I must get my hair cut.第41课 原形不定式 感官动词感官动词，感觉相关的动词：see, watch, obsere, notice, hear, smell, taste, feel. 构成形式为： 感官动词 + 宾语 + 动词原形/现在分词。 + 动词原形表示动作的真实性。+ 现在分词表示动作的连续性，进行性。I saw him work in the garden yesterday.I saw him working in the garden yesterday.和使役动词相似，感官动词后可以接过去分词。构成形式： 感官动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词。John saw the man knocked down by the car.练习I wanted a dog ranning in the garden yesterday.i heard Sam sent to the hospital.
POCKET英语语法 35-39这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 35-39课，讲解的是非谓语动词。8月9号凌晨更新。计划本周更新完。第35课 非谓语动词动词不定式： to + 动词原形 构成。可以做主语，宾语，宾补，定于，表语和状语。主语, To get there by bike will take us an hour.宾语，The driver failed to see the car in time.宾补，We belive him to be guilty.定语，The next train to arrive is from seoul.表语和状语，My suggestion is to put off the meeting.I come here only to say goodbye to you.动词原形+ing，可作动名词用，具有动词的特征和变化。但在句子中的用法及功能类似名词：在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语。也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。Reading is an art.They went on walking and never steped talking.Your task is quickly cleaning the window.This is a reading room.练习To finish the work will take us an hour. 动词不定式I come here to say goodbye to you. 动词不定式Talking is an art. 动名词第36课 非谓语动词动词不定式 或 动名词，可以在句子主语的位置，但一般用it代替它作形式主语Its a great honor to be invited. 被邀请很荣幸。It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。在宾语位置上，用it代替它做形式宾语。We think it important to learn English. 宾语，我们认为学习英语很重要。I found it pleasant walking in the park. 宾语，在公园里散步是件乐事。对动名词或动词不定式前加 not 进行否定。He pretended not to see her.He regrets not joining them.练习It is use crying over spilt milk.We think it important to learn English.He pretended not to see her.第37课 非谓语动词in order to + 动词， so as to + 动词，表示目的。由 in order to 的目的终于，置于句首和句尾，由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能放在句尾。I have written it down,in order to remember it.He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.它们的否定形式分别在 to 前加 not。I have writen it down in order not to forget it.He said nothing so as not to be noticed.练习He gets up early so as to / in order to arrive at school on time.He wrote it down in order to forget it.第38课 非谓语动词，常见不定式和动名词句型。too...to...,太...以至于不能， The room is too small to live.enough + n +to + v / adj +enough + to + v，表示足够...可以...。There is enough food to eat.足够多的食物可以吃。on ...+动词ing， 表示 一....就......。 On seeing the snake, the girl was very frightened.There is no hope of + 动词ing， 没希望做某事。 There is not hope of seeing him.fell like + 动词ing， 想要做某事。I fell like eating icecream now.Have a hard time + 动词ing， 做....很困难。 They have a hard time solving the problem them selves.练习There are enough books to read.I feel like drinking coffee now.The room is too small to live.第39课 非谓语动词,现在分词，过去分词，分词句。动词+ing，可以称之为动名词，也称为现在分词。writing books is his job. 动名词。He is writing a book. 现在分词。动词的过去分词形式可以称为 P.P. ，用在完成时和被动语态中。He has written the homework. 完成时。The homework is written. 被动语态。分词句，是包含了现在分词和过去分词的分句。The students went out of the classroom laughing and talking.A companied by his friend, he went to railway station.练习He likes drinking coffee. 动名词The door was locked. 一般过去时， 被动语态Given better attention, The plants could grow better. 过去分词句。
POCKET英语语法 31-34这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 31-34课，讲解的是被动语态。这几天有些忙，更新的比较慢，8月8日晚上总算更新完了被动语态。第31课 被动语态的构成和含义如果主语是动作的承受者，则用动词的被动语态作谓语。被动语态的构成形式是 Be + 动词的过去分词 + by sb.He is taken to USA by his mother. 他被他妈妈带到了美国。被动语态有各种时态。The information is needed by US. 单三的变化。The book was being read by him. 过去进行时的被动语态The computer has been used by her. 完成时的被动语态。The room will be cleaned. 将来时。Computer could have been used by them. 电脑可能被他们已经用过了。练习The information is needen.The book was read. 过去时The door has been opend. 过去分词， 完成时The book was being read. 过去进行时The computer has been used. 过去完成时The computer could has been used.The room will be cleaned. 将来时第32课 被动语态和情态动词结合被动语态可以和情态动词结合，情态动词放到被动语态的前面。情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词。 need + doing / to + 动词过去分词 表示"需要被怎么样..."。和情态动词相结合。The food could be taken away. 可以被带走The food might be taken away. 能够被带走The food must be taken away. 必须被带走The food should be taken away. 应该被带走The food needs taking away. 需要被带走The food had better be taken away. 最好被带走Book used to be returned in two days. 常常在两天内被还回去。练习The room may be cleaned.The door must be locked.The house should be furnished.The tree had better be watered now.第33课 被动语态3动作的行为者不分明，或不重要，或上下文中提到了行为者时，“by + 行为者”可以省略。The information is needed.The book is being read.The door was opened.练习The door is opend. 门被打开了。 一般过去时。The book is being read. 正读着。 进行时The computer has been used. 已经被用了。 完成时The pencil had been sharpened. 已经被削尖了。 完成时第34课 被动语态的疑问句被动语态的一般疑问句： 助动词 + 主语 + 其他动词 + 动词过去分词Is the information needed by him? -yes,it is./ no,it isn't.Has the computer been used by her? -yes,it has./no it hasn'tWill the room be cleaned? -yes,it will./ no, it won't.被动语态的特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 其他助动词 + 动词过去分词The information is needed by them.- what is need by them?The girl is taken to ShangHai. - where is the girl taken?The book has been read three times. - how many times has the book been read?练习Is the book being read by her? 他正在读那本书吗？Has the computer benn used by them? 他们用过那太电脑么？How often is the English class taken? 英语课多长时间上一次？
这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。18年7月24日。今天第5次课。学习了第19课到第23课。本次讲的是时态。动词的用法最丰富，下面是动词常用的时态。第三人称单说的缩写到底是三单还是单三呢？24日更新19课，太困了。27日凌晨更新完时态。第19课 现在时一般现在时一般现在时，表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或动作，主语是三单时，动词有三单的变化，主语是非三单时，动词为原型。They often get up at 7.he often gets up at 7.一般现在时动词的三单变化在动词结尾直接加 -s play--plays.以字母s, x, ch, o 结尾的动词加 -es ， guess--guesses以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，先变y为i， 再加 -es， study--studies一般现在时的否定句和疑问句用 do, does 帮助构成He donesn't like the car.does he like the car? yes, he does / no, he doesn't现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作，句子中通常有now等时间副词，基本构成： be + doingThey are watching TV.he is watching TV.i am watching TV.变化规则一般情况下，直接加 ing ， work--working动词以不发音的-e结尾，去e加ing， take--taking重读闭音节的动词，双写词尾加-ing， cut--cutting以 -ie结尾的动词，变y再加ing， lie--lying现在进行时变否定和疑问句时，将be动词否定或者提前即可。They aren't watching TV. Are they watching TV?he isn't watching TV. Is he watching TV?Am I watching TV. yes, you are / no,you aren't练习He works very late everyday. 一般现在时三单形式Do you study English yourself? -yes, I do. 一般现在时疑问句They are playing soccer now. 现在进行时第20课 过去时一般过去时，表示过去某个时间里，发生的动作或状态，过去习惯性，经常性的行为。基本结构： 主语+动词过去式+其他He worked very hard last night.They came here by car.动词过去时：一般动词在后面加ed，还有一些不规则动词不规则变化。play--played, come--came在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加 -d。 like--liked在以辅音+y 结尾的动词后，改y为i，再加 -ed。supply--supplied以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 -ed。 plan-> planned过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一时段、时间内进行或是发生的动作，基本机构： was/ were + doing, 即： be动词+ 动词ing 形式They were waiting for you.He Was talking with his friends just now.练习They went swimming yesterday.Sam was watching TV at 7 last night.第21课 将来时一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻的动作或章太，或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或状态，常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如： tomorrow, next week, in the furture.will + 动词原形 或 shall + 动词原形They will go to BJ by ship tomorrow.We shall leave for BJ next month."be going to + 动词原形"， 用来表示近期或实现考虑过的，将要发生的动作，以及已经有迹象表明必将发生某事，意思为 “打算，就要”。They are going to play football this afternoon.She is going to learn French next year.be + doing ,表示位置转移的动词， 如： go, come, leave, start, arrive.可以用现在进行时表示将来时态. 即 be + 这些动词的ing形式。They are arriving for Japan.She is arriving tomorrow.练习They are coming here soon.Sam is going to learn Chinese next month .(will learn也可以)Peter and mike will finish the job tomorrow morning.第22课 完成时现在完成时，have/has + 动词过去式, 表示动作过去发生，已经完成，对现在造成影响或后果，动作可能还会持续，可使用的时间状语为： already(已经), yet（还）.They have already arrived in BJ.She has played soccer for 3 hours.She hasn't finished the homework yet.过去完成时， had + 动词过去式，表示剧中的动作发生在过去之前，即过去的过去，已经完成，对过去造成了一定影响或后果。They had arrived in BJ.She had played soccer for 3 hours.They hadn't finished the work yet.She had cleaned the room before I arrived. 在我到达之前，他已经打扫了房间。 我打到发生在过去，他打扫发生在我达到的过去，也就是过去的过去。练习He has stopped the car outside.She hasn't been to BJ yet.Have they planned to stay here?英语常见时态,一共16种，这里只给出了常见的12种第23课 动词的用法动词分为四类：实意动词 notional verb系动词 link verb 连系动作助动词 auxiliary verb 帮助构成句子成分情态动词 modal verb “愿意，需要” 等等总结动词有数量和时态的变化。数量指单复数，时态通常有：现在，过去和将来等时态。根据动作进行的状态可分为：一般时，进行时，完成时。使用动词时，通常将以上两点结合，如：一般现在时。通常将时态、状态、数量结合使用。例如：He goes to school everyday.He went to hospital last night.动词变化总结动词原形单三现在分词过去式过去分词playplaysplayingplayedplayedhavehashavinghadhadgogoesgoingwentgone
这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。18年7月23日。今天第5次课。学习了第18课到第20课,把18课单独拿出来说，是因为19-22讲的是时态。第18课 There be/ here be 句型根据上下文，有多种的翻译方法。可以翻译成“有”，“是”。Be 动词根据后面有单复数变化。There is a book one the bookshelf.There are some books on the bookshelf.Here is the bus stop.Here are your books.There be/ here be 句型是一种倒装句。练习：There is a lot of water in the bottle. 有水在瓶子里Here is your car. 这是你的车。There are many students in the classroom. 有许多学上在教室
这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。18年7月22日。今天第4次课。学习了第13课到第17课。第13课 形容词形容词通常形容人或者事物的状态、性质、大小等等，通常用在名词前，Be动词后。beautiful girlthe girl is beautiful.The + 形容词=复数名词，表示一类人或事物，后面动词用复数???。old -> the old. 老人们young -> the young 年轻人们The old need more care than the young.练习She is a good student.This bike is expensive.The rich sometime complain their empty life.第14课 副词副词可以修饰 动词，形容词，其他副词以及其他结构。He runs fast. 修饰动词She is very beautiful. 修饰形容词。They work very hard. 修饰副词。副词的位置。根据情况，放在助动词之后，实意动词之前或之后。形容词之前，其他副词之前或之后。多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词之后。He speaks very fast.They have already left.They have already been repaired.常用的频度副词的位置放在一般动词前面，Be动词后面，助动词和实意动词之间。They always come early.Sam often writes homework at 7.练习Please write the word slowly.They sometimes come here.The tree is very tall.第15课 不定量表达法1不定量表达法： some, any, most, every, all.some, any 都表示一些，some主要用于肯定句和希望得到肯定回答时。也可用在疑问句中。any 主要用在否定和疑问句中。I'd been expecting some letters this morning, but there wen't any for me.most 做形容词时，表示大部分的，后面接 名词复数形式。Most people here are from China.every 表示“每一个，所有”，后面接名词单数形式。Every one likes the film.All 表示“所有”，后面接 可数名词复数形式，和 不可数名词。All the cars are parked in the parking lot.All the coffee is served on time.练习Some boys went camping yesterday.All the children like to play football.Most teachers want to work here.第16课 不定量表达法2both ,表示两者都，可做形容词，代词和副词。either 是两者之一，neither 是两者都不。Both his eyes were severely burned.These are trees on either side of the street.Neither answer is correct.Many, 修饰可数名词，表示许多。 Many， 修饰不可数名词，表示许多。 a lot of = lots of, plenty of 均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。表示许多。many books, much water.a lot of books/ water.练习Both the hands are washed.Wang drank a lot of coffee last night.第17课 不定量表达法3a few 为肯定的含义，表示“几个”， few 为否定含义，表示“没几个”。以上两个词均用在 可数名词的复数形式。A few books are put into the box. 有几本书在桌子上。Few books are put into the box. 桌子上没几本书。a little ， 为肯定，表示 “一点儿”， litte 为否定含义，表示 “没多少” 以后两个词均接 不可数名词There is a little water in the bottle. 有一点儿水。There is little water in the bottle. 没多少水。none 和 no one 意思相同，主用作代词“一个也不，一点儿也不” none 可以接 of 短语，动词可用单数和复数。 no one 不能接of 短语，动词只能用单数。 例： none of us have arrived.练习：A few books are put into the box.There is a little water in the bottle.none of us have arrived.
这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。18年7月21日。今天第3次课。学习了第9课到第12课。第9课 使用疑问词进行提问和回答1使用疑问词: when,where,who,what,how对例句进行提问例句： 1He bought 2three books 3yesterday.Who bought three books yesterday?What did he buy yesterday?When did he buy three books?练习1they wanted to go 2to BeiJing 3by air.who wanted to go to BeiJing by air?Where did they want to go by air?how did they want to go to Beijing?第10课 使用疑问词进行提问和回答2使用疑问词 how long, how far, how often, why对斜体部分提问They have been in China for three years.How long have they been in China?It is about 4 kilometers from BeiJing to Xian.How far is it from BJ to XAThey come to visit me once a week.How often do they come to visit me?She came late, because she missed the bus.Why did she come late?练习他们学英语多长时间了？How long have they leaned English?你多长时间看一次电影？How often do you watch movies?你的家离学校多远？How far is it from your home to school?第11课 名词名词分为两类，可数名词和不可数名词可数名词，指数的过来的名词。 例如：apple, pencil, student不可数名词，无法计算的数量或抽象概念。 例如：salt, coffee, water, history, love.可数名词有单数和复数之分，例如：apple-> apples, pencil-> pencils.不可数名词无复数，只用单数。变化规则：一般末尾加上 -s，例如： friend -> friends以 s, z, x, ch, sh结尾的词加 -es, 例如： bus -> buses辅音字母+Y 结尾，将Y变为I，加 -es, 例如: candy -> candies以O结尾的名词，不是外来词或者缩写的，就加 -es。例如: tomato -> tomatoes可数名词前加 a（an） 或量词。 apple -> an apple -> apples -> a box of apples tomato -> a tomato -> tomatoes -> a bag of tomatoes不可数名词前，不可加 a（an），没有复数，但前面可以加量词。 coffee -> a cup of coffee练习He bought me a box of chocolate. 一盒巧克力，巧克力不可数名词。He bought me a bike. 自行车，可数名词。第12课 代词，指示代词和不定代词指示代词：标识人或者事物的代词，用来代替前面已经提到过的名词。 this(these), that(those)This is his book.Those apples were his.不定代词：指代不确定的人或事物。one, the other, some, any, something, nothing, eachNo one knows where he is.Some of the boys want to go to BJ,But the others want to go to SH.Each of the students has got a book. 每个学生都有书了。练习These teachers are from China. 复数I know nothing about this person.I have something to tell you.不确定的人或者事。