POCKET英语语法19-23
这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。18年7月24日。今天第5次课。学习了第19课到第23课。本次讲的是时态。动词的用法最丰富,下面是动词常用的时态。第三人称单说的缩写到底是三单还是单三呢?24日更新19课,太困了。27日凌晨更新完时态。
第19课 现在时
一般现在时
一般现在时,表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或动作,主语是三单时,动词有三单的变化,主语是非三单时,动词为原型。
- They often get up at 7.
- he often gets up at 7.
一般现在时动词的三单变化
- 在动词结尾直接加 -s play--plays.
- 以字母s, x, ch, o 结尾的动词加 -es , guess--guesses
- 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词,先变y为i, 再加 -es, study--studies
一般现在时的否定句和疑问句用 do, does 帮助构成
- He donesn't like the car.
- does he like the car? yes, he does / no, he doesn't
现在进行时
表示正在进行或发生的动作,句子中通常有now等时间副词,基本构成: be + doing
- They are watching TV.
- he is watching TV.
- i am watching TV.
变化规则
- 一般情况下,直接加 ing , work--working
- 动词以不发音的-e结尾,去e加ing, take--taking
- 重读闭音节的动词,双写词尾加-ing, cut--cutting
- 以 -ie结尾的动词,变y再加ing, lie--lying
现在进行时变否定和疑问句时,将be动词否定或者提前即可。
- They aren't watching TV. Are they watching TV?
- he isn't watching TV. Is he watching TV?
- Am I watching TV. yes, you are / no,you aren't
练习
- He works very late everyday. 一般现在时三单形式
- Do you study English yourself? -yes, I do. 一般现在时疑问句
- They are playing soccer now. 现在进行时
第20课 过去时
一般过去时,
表示过去某个时间里,发生的动作或状态,过去习惯性,经常性的行为。基本结构: 主语+动词过去式+其他
- He worked very hard last night.
- They came here by car.
动词过去时:
- 一般动词在后面加ed,还有一些不规则动词不规则变化。play--played, come--came
- 在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加 -d。 like--liked
- 在以辅音+y 结尾的动词后,改y为i,再加 -ed。supply--supplied
- 以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加 -ed。 plan-> planned
过去进行时
表示在过去某一时刻或某一时段、时间内进行或是发生的动作,基本机构: was/ were + doing, 即: be动词+ 动词ing 形式
- They were waiting for you.
- He Was talking with his friends just now.
练习
- They went swimming yesterday.
- Sam was watching TV at 7 last night.
第21课 将来时
一般将来时:表示将来某一时刻的动作或章太,或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或状态,常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如: tomorrow, next week, in the furture.
will + 动词原形 或 shall + 动词原形
- They will go to BJ by ship tomorrow.
- We shall leave for BJ next month.
"be going to + 动词原形", 用来表示近期或实现考虑过的,将要发生的动作,以及已经有迹象表明必将发生某事,意思为 “打算,就要”。
- They are going to play football this afternoon.
- She is going to learn French next year.
be + doing ,表示位置转移的动词, 如: go, come, leave, start, arrive.可以用现在进行时表示将来时态. 即 be + 这些动词的ing形式。
- They are arriving for Japan.
- She is arriving tomorrow.
练习
- They are coming here soon.
- Sam is going to learn Chinese next month .(will learn也可以)
- Peter and mike will finish the job tomorrow morning.
第22课 完成时
现在完成时,have/has + 动词过去式, 表示动作过去发生,已经完成,对现在造成影响或后果,动作可能还会持续,可使用的时间状语为: already(已经), yet(还).
- They have already arrived in BJ.
- She has played soccer for 3 hours.
- She hasn't finished the homework yet.
过去完成时, had + 动词过去式,表示剧中的动作发生在过去之前,即过去的过去,已经完成,对过去造成了一定影响或后果。
- They had arrived in BJ.
- She had played soccer for 3 hours.
- They hadn't finished the work yet.
- She had cleaned the room before I arrived. 在我到达之前,他已经打扫了房间。 我打到发生在过去,他打扫发生在我达到的过去,也就是过去的过去。
练习
- He has stopped the car outside.
- She hasn't been to BJ yet.
- Have they planned to stay here?
英语常见时态,一共16种,这里只给出了常见的12种
第23课 动词的用法
- 动词分为四类:
- 实意动词 notional verb
- 系动词 link verb 连系动作
- 助动词 auxiliary verb 帮助构成句子成分
- 情态动词 modal verb “愿意,需要” 等等
- 总结
- 动词有数量和时态的变化。数量指单复数,时态通常有:现在,过去和将来等时态。
- 根据动作进行的状态可分为:一般时,进行时,完成时。
- 使用动词时,通常将以上两点结合,如:一般现在时。通常将时态、状态、数量结合使用。
例如:
- He goes to school everyday.
- He went to hospital last night.
- 动词变化总结
动词原形 | 单三 | 现在分词 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|---|---|
play | plays | playing | played | played |
have | has | having | had | had |
go | goes | going | went | gone |
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